Programming/Python

์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜ ์ž๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋ณ„ ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ

UNarD 2025. 10. 3. 18:49

๐Ÿ“ฑ ์ž๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋ณ„ ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ

์ž๊พธ ๊นŒ๋จน์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚

๐Ÿ“ list

๊ฐ€๋ณ€(mutable) ์‹œํ€€์Šค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ์‚ญ์ œ, ์ •๋ ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ ์„ค๋ช…
list.append(x) ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋์— x๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.extend(iterable) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ iterable์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋ง๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.insert(i, x) ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค i ์œ„์น˜์— x๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.remove(x) ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” x๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ValueError ๋ฐœ์ƒ.
list.pop([i]) ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค i์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ญ์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.clear() ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.index(x[, start[, end]]) ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” x์˜ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.count(x) ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ x๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.sort(key=None, reverse=False) ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ •๋ ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ƒˆ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ X) key ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ reverse ์˜ต์…˜ ์ง€์›.
list.reverse() ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋’ค์ง‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
list.copy() ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์–•์€ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Œ tuple

๋ถˆ๋ณ€(immutable) ์‹œํ€€์Šค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ ์„ค๋ช…
tuple.count(x) x๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
tuple.index(x[, start[, end]]) ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” x์˜ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ–‡๏ธ set

์ง‘ํ•ฉ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ์ž๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ ์„ค๋ช…
set.add(x) ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์— x๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
set.remove(x) ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์—์„œ x๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—†์œผ๋ฉด KeyError ๋ฐœ์ƒ.
set.discard(x) ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์—์„œ x๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
set.pop() ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์ž„์˜์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
set.clear() ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
set.copy() ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ์–•์€ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
set.update(*others) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ/iterable์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
set.union(*others) ํ•ฉ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž: `
set.intersection(*others) ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž: &)
set.difference(*others) ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž: -)
set.symmetric_difference(other) ๋Œ€์นญ์ฐจ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž: ^)
set.issubset(other) ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž: <=)
set.issuperset(other) ์ƒ์œ„์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž: >=)
set.isdisjoint(other) ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“– dict

ํ‚ค-๊ฐ’ ๋งคํ•‘์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ ์„ค๋ช…
dict.get(key[, default]) key๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ’์„, ์—†์œผ๋ฉด default๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์€ None.
dict.keys() ๋ชจ๋“  ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” view ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.values() ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” view ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.items() ๋ชจ๋“  (ํ‚ค, ๊ฐ’) ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” view ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.pop(key[, default]) key๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—†์œผ๋ฉด default ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์—†์œผ๋ฉด KeyError.
dict.popitem() ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฝ์ž…๋œ (ํ‚ค, ๊ฐ’) ์Œ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.clear() ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.update([other]) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ dict๋‚˜ key-value ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.copy() ์–•์€ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.setdefault(key[, default]) key๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜, ์—†์œผ๋ฉด default ๊ฐ’์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
dict.fromkeys(iterable[, value]) iterable์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ dict๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (ํด๋ž˜์Šค ๋ฉ”์„œ๋“œ)